RAB8A depletion caused spindle migration defects and the failure of polar body extrusion, which could have been due to decreases in both cytoplasmic and cortical actin filaments in oocytes.
Here, we reported the role and mechanism of the germ plasm-specific miRNA miR-202-5p in PGC migration; (i) both maternal loss and knockdown of miR-202-5p impaired PGC migration indicated by the mislocalization and reduced number of PGCs, (ii) cdc42se1 was a direct target gene of miR-202-5p, and overexpression of Cdc42se1 in PGCs caused PGC migration defects similar to those observed in loss of miR-202-5p mutants; (iii) Cdc42se1 not only interacted with Cdc42, but also inhibited cdc42 transcription, and overexpression of Cdc42 could rescue PGC migration defects in Cdc42se1 overexpressed embryos.
To determine if IPMK was upstream of integrin β1 expression, we examined IPMK<sup>-/-</sup> mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and found that integrins β1 and β3 gene expression was reduced by half, relative to wild-type cells, whereas focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity and Rho/Rac/Cdc42 protein levels were increased, resulting in migration defects.
In Prok2 and Prokr2 mutant mice, severe tangential and radial migration defects of neuroblasts in the SVZ-RMS-OB result in loss of ~75% of GABAergic interneurons in the OB.
These different functions of rotatin explain why RTTN mutations can lead to heterogeneous cerebral malformations, both related to proliferation and migration defects.
To determine if IPMK was upstream of integrin β1 expression, we examined IPMK<sup>-/-</sup> mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and found that integrins β1 and β3 gene expression was reduced by half, relative to wild-type cells, whereas focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity and Rho/Rac/Cdc42 protein levels were increased, resulting in migration defects.
Targeted deletion of Rp58 leads to dysplasia of the neocortex and hippocampus, a reduction in the number of mature cortical neurons, and defects in laminar organization due to abnormal neuronal migration within the cortical plate.
Immunofluorescence studies revealed TBC1D8B presence in human glomeruli, and affected individual podocytes displayed architectural changes associated with migration defects commonly found in FSGS.
Furthermore, we show that expression of CPE-C10 redistributes p150Glued from the centrosome and that disruption of CPE interaction with p150Glued leads to abnormal neuronal migration and dendrite morphology, suggesting that a complex between CPE and p150Glued is necessary for proper neurodevelopment.
Here, we reported the role and mechanism of the germ plasm-specific miRNA miR-202-5p in PGC migration; (i) both maternal loss and knockdown of miR-202-5p impaired PGC migration indicated by the mislocalization and reduced number of PGCs, (ii) cdc42se1 was a direct target gene of miR-202-5p, and overexpression of Cdc42se1 in PGCs caused PGC migration defects similar to those observed in loss of miR-202-5p mutants; (iii) Cdc42se1 not only interacted with Cdc42, but also inhibited cdc42 transcription, and overexpression of Cdc42 could rescue PGC migration defects in Cdc42se1 overexpressed embryos.
In line with this pattern of Slit3 and Robo1 expression, we observed multiple axon regeneration and cell migration defects in the nerve bridge of Sox2-, Slit3-, and Robo1-mutant mice.
Here, we reported the role and mechanism of the germ plasm-specific miRNA miR-202-5p in PGC migration; (i) both maternal loss and knockdown of miR-202-5p impaired PGC migration indicated by the mislocalization and reduced number of PGCs, (ii) cdc42se1 was a direct target gene of miR-202-5p, and overexpression of Cdc42se1 in PGCs caused PGC migration defects similar to those observed in loss of miR-202-5p mutants; (iii) Cdc42se1 not only interacted with Cdc42, but also inhibited cdc42 transcription, and overexpression of Cdc42 could rescue PGC migration defects in Cdc42se1 overexpressed embryos.
To determine if IPMK was upstream of integrin β1 expression, we examined IPMK<sup>-/-</sup> mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and found that integrins β1 and β3 gene expression was reduced by half, relative to wild-type cells, whereas focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity and Rho/Rac/Cdc42 protein levels were increased, resulting in migration defects.
We found that P-Rex1 overexpression led to aberrant polarity and inhibited the multipolar-to-bipolar transition, leading to abnormal neuronal migration.
Overexpression of Zeb1 during neuronal differentiation, when its expression normally declines, blocks NPC lineage progression and disrupts multipolar-to-bipolar transition of differentiating neurons, leading to severe migration defects and subcortical heterotopia bands at postnatal stages.
In line with this pattern of Slit3 and Robo1 expression, we observed multiple axon regeneration and cell migration defects in the nerve bridge of Sox2-, Slit3-, and Robo1-mutant mice.
Restoration of the RhoA protein level partially rescued the neuronal migration defects in the GR-knockdown and GR-overexpressing neurons, indicating that RhoA played a major role in GR-mediated neuronal migration.
RAB8A depletion caused spindle migration defects and the failure of polar body extrusion, which could have been due to decreases in both cytoplasmic and cortical actin filaments in oocytes.
Targeted deletion of Rp58 leads to dysplasia of the neocortex and hippocampus, a reduction in the number of mature cortical neurons, and defects in laminar organization due to abnormal neuronal migration within the cortical plate.
Over the years other phenotypes including Charcot Marie Tooth type 2 and hereditary mental retardation with cortical neural migration defects have also been reported to be caused by DYNC1H1 mutations.